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Salar de Uyuni is the world's largest salt flat at 10,582 square kilometers.
It is located in the southwest Bolivia, near the crest of the Andes.
It is covered by a few meters of salt crust, which has an extraordinary flatness with the average altitude variations within one meter over the entire area of the Salar.
The large area, clear skies and exceptional surface flatness make the Salar an ideal object for calibrating the altimeters of the Earth observation satellites. A common approach for calibrating the satellite elevation measurements is to compare them to an accurately surveyed terrestrial reference target. Salt flats are ideal for this purpose because they are large and flat, stable surfaces having strong reflection, which is also similar to that of ice sheets.
The Salar contains :
- Large amounts of sodium, potassium, lithium and magnesium as well as borax. Of those, lithium is arguably most important as it is a vital component of many electric batteries. With estimated 5,400,000 tonnes, Bolivia holds about half of the world's lithium reserves
- 10 billion tonnes of salt, of which less than 25,000 tonnes is extracted annually
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